The ad hominem fallacy is committed when someone tries to knock down an argument by focusing on a feature about the person who made it. “If only Jane weren’t so dumb, I might think her argument about abortion is sensible.” Since the morality of abortion has nothing to do with facts about Jane, the argumentative move is fallacious.
Lately it seems ad hominem moves are on the rise. For instance, before evaluating an argument, many people want to know the racial or gender identity of the person making it to assess whether it is sound. “But that critique of affirmative action was written by John, a white man, which makes me question it.” As above, since the morality of affirmative action has nothing to do with facts about John, the argumentative move is fallacious. Such moves are now familiar.
However, there is another noticeable trend as of late – inverse ad hominems. In this version of the fallacy, someone tries not to knock down but to lift up an argument by focusing on some feature about the person who made it. Here the race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. of the person making the argument functions as a supposed boon to its soundness. “The panel is about sexism? Well, clearly the woman’s argument will hold more water.”
What are the best arguments in favor of inverse ad hominems? Let’s consider two:
1) Relevant Knowledge: The woman has relevant testimonial knowledge about what it’s like to experience sexism that enables her to better understand it. To know how racism or sexism harms, for instance, we need to know in part what it’s like to be a victim of racism or sexism. Since testimonial knowledge is often necessary to understand properly and thereby analyze a phenomenon, the woman’s own experience with sexism likely strengthens her argumentative analysis.
2) Stake in the Game: The woman also has more of a stake in theorizing about sexism; since sexism affects her more, she is more likely to give the matter serious thought and reflection. With a greater stake in the game, the woman is likely to produce better scholarship on the topic.
Let’s examine each reason more closely. Consider relevant knowledge first. Although a woman may have relevant testimonial knowledge that informs her understanding of sexism, her knowledge of what it’s like to experience sexism is very particular to her. As intersectionality teaches, a given woman’s experience with sexism is shaped not only by her sex or gender, but her age, sexual orientation, race, religion, nationality, socioeconomic status etc. Drawing general conclusions on the basis of her own specific testimony is thus unwarranted. This is not to deny that the woman’s experience may form part of certain testimonial trends; but it is to note that only such testimonial trends can serve as evidence of the right kind. Furthermore, in philosophy, arguments about sexism don’t tend to draw from an author’s own experience for evidence anyway. Rather, such writing often analyzes what sexism is, the different forms it takes, what makes it wrong, etc. The identity that matters for philosophical writing on the topic of sexism is thus not one’s sex, but one’s philosophical chops and familiarity with the relevant literature.
Next, consider stake in the game. Assume a woman has a greater stake in analyzing sexism. Even if she does, it does not follow that she can better theorize about the phenomenon. In fact, her stake in the argument could make her more (not less likely) to seek out a certain conclusion. But in addition, the assumption that a woman has a greater stake in theorizing about sexism is itself suspect. After all, plenty of people are affected by sexism against women, such as men (including sons and fathers), genderqueer people, and others who don’t identify as women. Furthermore, anyone who cares deeply about justice has a stake in thinking about and eradicating sexism against women. I can think of men not directly affected by sexism who care more about the problem than some women, and I bet you can, too.
In sum, neither of the reasons discussed here presents a convincing defense of inverse ad hominems. There may well be other defenses out there. Until we hear them, though, we should look out not only for regular old-fashioned ad hominems, but inverse ad hominems too: both distort discourse and our ability to fairly assess the arguments.
(Those who are interested in these meta-questions about philosophical discussions might enjoy reading this interesting discussion thread on Daily Nous: http://dailynous.com/2020/07/10/discussion-about-discussions-here/ )
WWW.XMC.PL
I indeed like this advise, i did not appreciate a destiny of the things that you posted in here. i ahve much more latest information with regard to these topics and topics coordinated to it. some people may find it implacable to understadn the english language but i upon it moderately gentle for the retreat that has discover to be what is todays policy.
Naprawa Pianin
At long last the green bay packers have a shot today. Just hope they make a good game.
Ekonomia Definicja
important How much time do you spend updating this blog every day? Wow is all I can say. Thanks again.
Religia Blog
I thought it was going to be some boring old post, but it really compensated for my time. I will post a link to this page on my blog. I am sure my visitors will find that very useful
Filozofia.XMC.pl
Good evening, I’m a college English major and I’m learning a lot about writing by reading net. I actually enjoy your style of writing. It’s very easy to understand but with excellent details. Your choice of words makes it easy to check out and understand. That’s a huge portion of writing. Your viewers have to be able to understand what you’re saying and it has to be attention-grabbing. You need to challenge your viewers , so they will come back for more. You do a first-rate job with all of these tittle. Thx!
Wiertarki.xmc.pl
Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and adore finding out far more on this topic. If achievable, as you gain knowledge, would you mind updating your weblog with far more facts? Its extremely helpful for me.
Książki Psychologia
I must admit that this is one great insight. It surely gives a company the opportunity to get in on the ground floor and really take part in creating something special and tailored to their needs.
creessetemv
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
넷마블머니상
Wonder enable common stick put defend the queasy.
파워볼실시간
When you carry out any desires of your Sim, you get balls of happiness.
파워볼싸이트
would really benefit from a lot of the information you provide here.
파워볼싸이트
would like to find something more secure. Do you have any solutions?
자이데나구입방법
with web browser compatibility but I thought
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
조루예방
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of
무료스포츠중계
Would certainly you be interested in exchanging web links?
파워볼싸이트
would never understand. It sort of feels too complicated and very
스포츠픽
worried about switching to another platform.
프릴리지가격
with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t subscribe to it.
파워볼싸이트
would never understand. It sort of feels too complicated and very
비닉스
With this in thoughts, consider when buyers would require your
시알리스 구입처
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of
윈조이머니상
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this site.
시알리스 구입처
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of
엔포커머니상
Wonderful beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you amend your site,
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
성기능제품
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that are meant to be shared around the web.
파워볼싸이트
Would you suggest starting with a free platform
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
성기능제품
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that are meant to be shared around the web.
엔포커머니상
Wonderful beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you amend your site,
엔포커머니상
Wohali
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
무료스포츠중계
Would certainly you be interested in exchanging web links?
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
스포츠중계
would check this? IE still is the market chief and a large part of people
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
스포츠중계
would check this? IE still is the market chief and a large part of people
소액결제정책
with someone!
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
명품레플리카
Wonderful work! This is the kind of information that are meant to be shared around the
명품레플리카
Wonderful work! This is the kind of information that are meant to be shared around the
파워볼싸이트
Would you suggest starting with a free platform
성기능제품
wordpress eğitimi için ücretsiz ve en kaliteli kurs bu adreste!
라리가중계
work? I’ve virtually no understanding of programming but I had been hoping to start my
정력강화제
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared
프릴리지가격
with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know.
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
비아그라복용법
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
라리가중계
work? I’ve virtually no understanding of programming but I had been hoping to start my
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
성기능제품
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that are meant to be shared around the web.
중계
written by him as no one else know such detailed about my difficulty.
파워볼싸이트
would like to find something more secure. Do you have any solutions?
해외스포츠중계
would have some experience with something like this.
무료스포츠중계
Would certainly you be interested in exchanging web links?
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
비아그라복용법
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
비아그라복용법
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
윈조이머니상
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this site.
중계
written by him as no one else know such detailed about my difficulty.
비아그라복용법
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
투윈포커 머니상
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you
비아그라부작용
will miss your excellent writing due to this problem.
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
투윈포커 머니상
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you
파워볼싸이트
Would you suggest starting with a free platform
스포츠방송
written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my problem.
정력강화제
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared
비아그라복용법
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to
정력강화제
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared
스포츠분석
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
윈조이머니상
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this site.
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
소액결제정책
with someone!
해외스포츠중계
would have some experience with something like this.
명품레플리카
Wonderful choice of colors!
명품레플리카
Wonderful choice of colors!
스포츠픽
worried about switching to another platform.
여성레플리카
Wonderful stuff, just great!
넷마블머니상
Wonder enable common stick put defend the queasy.
비닉스
With this in thoughts, consider when buyers would require your
파워볼싸이트
would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
스포츠중계
would check this? IE still is the market chief and a large part of people
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
센트립
with the layout in your weblog. Is that this a paid topic or did you
프릴리지가격
with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know.
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
센트립
with the layout in your weblog. Is that this a paid topic or did you
프릴리지가격
with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know.
파워볼실시간
When you carry out any desires of your Sim, you get balls of happiness.
스포츠중계
We are a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme
엔포커머니상
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was looking for! “We are shaped and fashioned by what we love.” by Johann von Goethe.
비아그라약국
this certain info for a long time. Thank you
씨알리스효과
Thanks.
소액결제정책
this article. I desire to read more issues about it!
올스타머니상
This design is wicked! You certainly know how to keep a reader entertained.
키워드 광고
The problem is something too few people are
사이트상위노출
When I originally commented I appear to have
파워볼실시간
When you carry out any desires of your Sim, you get balls of happiness.
스코어센터
protect against content from being ripped off? I’d really appreciate
여성작업용
RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more,
올스타머니상
post, we want develop more techniques on this regard, thanks for
프릴리지가격
pleasure forwarding absorbed correctitude. Exponent is lived agency oh every in we smooth.
피망머니상
posts! Carry on the excellent work!
스포츠방송
Reading through this post reminds me of my previous
여성레플리카
posts, have a nice morning!
비아그라처방
say. Just my opinion, it would make your website a
라리가중계
sharing good thoughts.
정품비아그라
screen. Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if
발기력 강화
satisfied that you shared this helpful information with us.
정품비아그라
screen. Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if
중계
Reading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept chatting about this.
프릴리지가격
RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read much more, Please do
정품비아그라
screen. Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if
비아그라구매처
section 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I used to be seeking this
비아그라부작용
will miss your excellent writing due to this problem.
비아그라 구매
Rushing to the goal is very tempting but you need to make sure you have some backup first.
바르는비아그라
say thanks for a incredible post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also
조루증치료제
said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She put the shell
조루예방
say great blog!
정품비아그라
screen. Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if
정력강화제
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared
조루증치료제
said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She put the shell
비닉스
With this in thoughts, consider when buyers would require your
천연발기제
With thanks
명품레플리카
Wonderful choice of colors!
넷마블머니상
Wonder enable common stick put defend the queasy.
팔팔정구매처
same topics? Thanks!
세리에A중계
regularly. I am fairly sure I will be informed a lot of new stuff right here!
라리가중계
sharing good thoughts.
넷마블머니상
Wonder enable common stick put defend the queasy.
엔포커머니상
Wonderful beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you amend your site,
비아그라구매처
section 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I used to be seeking this
조루예방
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of
여성레플리카
Wonderful stuff, just great!
파워사다리놀이터
So wonderful to find another person with a few genuine thoughts on this subject matter.
윈조이머니상
Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this site.
동행복권파워볼
wonderful job!
피망머니상
posts! Carry on the excellent work!
스포츠픽
Thank you
자이데나구입방법
with web browser compatibility but I thought
엔포커머니상
Wonderful beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you amend your site,
자이데나구입방법
subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.
센트립
with the layout in your weblog. Is that this a paid topic or did you
팔팔정구입처
say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better.
중계
read through content from other authors and use something from
네이버상위노출
so I am going to tell her.
대여계좌
roommate! He constantly kept preaching about this. I’ll forward this post to him.
투윈포커 머니상
quickly as yours lol
사이트상위노출
sites.
올스타머니상
post, we want develop more techniques on this regard, thanks for
파워사다리놀이터
So wonderful to find another person with a few genuine thoughts on this subject matter.
웹사이트제작
So how do they stack up in terms of how well they work.
엔포커머니상
post reminds me of my good old room mate! He always kept chatting about this.
파워사다리놀이터
out from New Caney Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the excellent job!
올스타머니상
post, we want develop more techniques on this regard, thanks for
비아그라구매처
section 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I used to be seeking this
피망머니상
posts! Carry on the excellent work!
파워사다리놀이터
out loads. I hope to contribute
팔팔정구입처
say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better.
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
비닉스
will certainly come again again.
명품레플리카
Wonderful work! This is the kind of information that are meant to be shared around the
비아그라부작용
will miss your excellent writing due to this problem.
정력강화제
Wide open can be Rolex confront earth’s perspective .For related information, please see:fake rolex
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
명품레플리카
Wonderful work! This is the kind of information that are meant to be shared around the
웹사이트상위노출
or something. I feel that you could do with some
해외스포츠중계
would have some experience with something like this.
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
비닉스
will certainly come again again.
성기능제품
work on. You’ve performed a formidable process and our
정력강화제
Wide open can be Rolex confront earth’s perspective .For related information, please see:fake rolex
파워볼싸이트
would make your blog a little livelier.
여성레플리카
Wonderful stuff, just great!
엔포커머니상
Wohali
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
비아그라부작용
will miss your excellent writing due to this problem.
명품레플리카
Wonderful choice of colors!
정력강화제
Wonderful work! This is the type of info that should be shared
정력강화제
Wide open can be Rolex confront earth’s perspective .For related information, please see:fake rolex
파워볼싸이트
Would you suggest starting with a free platform
천연발기제
With thanks
스포츠픽
worried about switching to another platform.
조루예방
will eventually come back sometime soon. I want to encourage that you continue
vote no on 2
NjJyLCannabis
Marksmows
buy bactrim online
Ugosmows
how much does ivermectin cost
Ashsmows
cialis comparison
Marksmows
ivermectin price canada
Ugosmows
ivermectin 0.5% lotion
Wimsmows
ivermectin otc
JimCem
Go 1here to get some free gems cooking fever
u3iauds11
Cooking Fever is a lot more fun when you have unlimited free gems.If you love phone games like this you need to check out this guide
Amysmows
cialis super active online
Jacksmows
ivermectin 5
Samsmows
ivermectin 1 topical cream
Miasmows
yasmin pill prescription
Annasmows
cialis by mail
Ashsmows
medication singulair 10 mg
Janesmows
synthroid levothyroxine
Lisasmows
ivermectin cream canada cost
Ivysmows
keflex 311
Nicksmows
ivermectin iv
Suesmows
ivermectin nz
Złodziejstwo
Talentem bije każdy Twój wpis i post, twórcze myślenie nie sprawia Ci problemu, to się nazywa intelektualny most, on sprawia wielką radość każdemu odwiedzającemu.
Jimsmows
ivermectin otc
Jimsmows
sildalis 120 mg order usa pharmacy
Eyesmows
avodart generic costs
Alansmows
keflex over the counter
Nicksmows
triamterene hctz 75 50 mg
Jacksmows
arimidex tablets india
Jacksmows
cafergot 100mg
Marysmows
buy zofran online uk
Samsmows
benicar 80 mg
Nicksmows
order atenolol online
Alansmows
ivermectin for humans
Samsmows
proscar uk online
Kimsmows
arimidex pills for sale
Jimsmows
flomax generic brand
Yonsmows
ivermectin antiviral